Which of the following processes shows an increase in the degree of randomness of a system? the breaking of porcelain true gas molecules kept in an isolated system false the crystallization of magma false a child moulding a block of clay false false 0 Single 0 What is the value of the Boltzmann constant? 8.314 J/K false 0.0821 J/K false 5.67 x 10-8 J/K false 1.38 x 10-23 J/K true false 0 Single 0 Four systems A, B, C, and D have differing numbers of microstates. Which one of them will have the highest entropy? The one with the lowest number of microstates. false The one with zero number of microstates. false The one with the highest number of microstates. true All of them will have the same entropy because entropy is conserved. false false 0 Single 0 Which expression describes the change in entropy experienced by water when it freezes? ΔS < 0 true ΔS = 0 false ΔS > 0 false ΔS + 1 false false 0 Single 0 At a standard temperature of 25°C and pressure of 1 atm, which of the following substances has the highest absolute entropy? diamond false graphite false liquid water false water vapor true false 0 Single 0 The entropy of the universe remains constant only in: spontaneous processes false non-spontaneous processes false equilibrium processes true exothermic processes false false 0 Single 0 How does the entropy of its surroundings change when a system undergoes an endothermic process? It decreases. true It increases. false It remains the same. false It becomes equal to zero. false false 0 Single 0 Who was the first to define a quantity known as the "energy available for a process to do work"? Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot false Josiah Willard Gibbs true James Prescott Joule false William Thomson false false 0 Single 0 A chemical reaction is at equilibrium. What is its ΔG? less than zero false zero true greater than zero false infinite false false 0 Single 0 What is the standard free energy change of the formation of argon under its standard state? always 0 true sometimes 0 false always 1 false always > 1 false false 0 Single 0